ABSTRACT
The possibility of creating vaccines against atherosclerosis has evolved from epidemiological analyses based on statistical correlations that suggest that certain metabolic states, or even infections, might play a role in the initiation of the atherosclerotic process. Although many theories exist, it is well known that alterations in lipoprotein metabolism, including elevations in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol or decreased levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, are associated with increased risk of atherosclerosis. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol may be deposited in vessel walls, leading to buildup of plaque, and HDL serves as a scavenger for removal of circulating cholesterol. The atherosclerotic plaque lesions are associated with chronic inflammatory reactions affecting the endothelial layer of vessel walls.
