ABSTRACT
The ethos of this book is that liquefaction is simply another computable behaviour of soil, with direct numerical integration of NorSand being used to model standard laboratory tests. This is useful in understanding how soils behave, and for obtaining soil properties, but not something that can be used to analyse a dam or foundation. Conversely, the analyses of the various large-scale failures discussed in Chapter 6 and Appendix F used a variety of limit equilibrium methods that had no capability to represent the brittle stress-strain behaviour that is intrinsic to liquefaction. The unsurprising result is that the strengths from these various back-analyses of failures do not match laboratory strengths. In short, we are not using the computable understanding of soil behaviour either to evaluate the case history record (to reduce model uncertainty) or for design. The tools are lacking.
