ABSTRACT
The atmosphere and ocean can be treated as stratified media for certain restricted horizontal ranges (see sections 1.2, 1.3 and 2.1). Geometrical acoustics gives analytical equations for the ray paths and the eikonal in a stratified moving medium (sections 3.4-3.6). However, until recently, in geometrical acoustics sound pressure amplitudes have been calculated only numerically. Furthermore, ray theory does not allow us to calculate the sound pressure p on a caustic or for)... ::: I, where )... is the wavelength and I is the vertical scale of the variations in the density Q(z), adiabatic sound speed c(z) and horizontal velocity of the medium motion v(z). (Here, z is the vertical coordinate.) In this chapter, the vertical component of the medium motion is assumed to be zero if it is not stated otherwise.
