ABSTRACT
Part 13: Outputs Scheduled here are various types of operations and the outputs expected of them. Also listed are man hours for various trades found in Civil Engineering. Part 14: Tables and Memoranda These include conversion tables, formulae, and a series of reference tables structured around trade headings. It also includes a review of current Capital Allowances, Value Added Tax and The Aggregates Levy. OUTLINE OF THE TENDERING AND ESTIMATING PROCESS This section of the book outlines the nature and purpose of Civil Engineering estimating and provides background information for users. It comprises an outline of the estimating and tendering process with supporting notes and commentaries on particular aspects. Some worked examples on tender preparation referred to in this part are included at the end of Part 8. It must be emphasised that the main purpose of this book is to aid the estimating process. Thus it is concerned more with the predicted cost of Civil Engineering work than with the prices in a bill of quantities. To ensure the correct interpretation of the information provided it is important to distinguish clearly between estimating and tendering; the following definitions are followed throughout. The estimate is the prediction of the cost of a project to the Contractor. The Tender is the price submitted by the Contractor to the Employer. The tender is based on the estimate with adjustments being made after review by management; these include allowances for risk, overheads, profit and finance charges. As discussed later in this section, prices inserted against individual items in a bill of quantities may not necessarily reflect the true cost of the work so described due to the view taken by the Contractor on the risks and financial aspects involved in executing the work. Whilst projects are now constructed using many different forms of contract the core estimating process falls into two main divisions namely “Design & Construct” and “Construct only”. The following list summarises the activities involved in the preparation of a tender for a typical construct only Civil Engineering project where the client issues full drawings, specifications and Bills describing the extent of the works to be priced. The diagram that follows illustrates the relationships between the activities. After the diagram, notes on factors affecting each stage of the process are given.
