ABSTRACT
Climate change and depletion of fossil fuels necessitate an unprecedented transformation of today's physical environment into a more sustainable, robust, and resilient one. This transition presents many challenges to designers, planners, and managers of the larger physical environment, especially landscape architects and spatial planners. The adaptation to climate change and renewable energy sources, undoubtedly, will require decenniaa time frame that bears many uncertainties and that is clearly beyond that of conventional planning and design.
