ABSTRACT
Chronic kidney disease is common, with a prevalence estimated in England of 14 per cent in males and 13 per cent in females (Roderick et al. 2011). Many patients with kidney disease are asymptomatic and have an excellent prognosis but others may suer signicant symptoms and complications, which could be distracting or even incapacitating. is chapter will discuss the common and important kidney conditions that an aviation medical examiner might expect to see, focusing on the aeromedical aspects determining medical certication. For completeness, common urological conditions will also be discussed.
