ABSTRACT
Improved drinking water and sanitation is extremely important when looking at a number of issues related to development in low-income countries. These range from water-related diseases to time lost through longdistances traversed by the urban poor to collect water from communal water points. Other issues relate to low attendance of girls at all levels of education, rampant poverty; gender inequality and “under five child mortality rate” (U5CMR). Undeniably, it is now widely acknowledged that increased access to water and sanitation (WATSAN) services to the urban poor offers profound positive impact on the wider environmental awareness and sustainability. In fact, environmental contamination due to poor penetration levels of WATSAN services in poor communities may adversely affect the availability of clean water for production. Moreover, it may also increase the water treatment costs due to high chemical demand.
