ABSTRACT
The process that translates the real world into the theory is the so-called process of modelling, involving simplifications and assumptions. In order to be treated by theory, real objects such as engineering structures must become abstract entities. On the other hand, predictions obtained through analysis (the deflection of an elastic beam representing a retaining wall, the pore pressures generated around an expanding cylindrical cavity representing a tunnel, etc.) translate the results of theory to the real world.
