ABSTRACT
The response of the ship and hull structural components that are involved during ship grounding accidents is much related to the seabed topology. Three major types of seabed topologies were defined by Alsos & Amdahl (2007) for grounding scenarios: “rock”, “reef” and “shoal” as shown in Figure 1. Most studies on ship grounding are subjected to “rock” type seabed obstacle since the sharp seabed indenter may cause early penetration of ship bottom, which will lead to the compartment flooding or oil leakage. However, when ship run aground on seabed obstruction with large contact
1 INTRODUCTION
Ship grounding events seem still inevitable and are main drivers for risks in shipping (Simonsen et al. 2009) though the safety level has been enhanced significantly by introduction of strict regulations and advanced navigation tools. The damage caused by ship grounding can threaten human lives, the environment and economic investments.
