ABSTRACT
Bachorski et al. (1999) developed a linear elastic finite-element modelling technique to predict postweld distortion.
Biswas et al. (2007) conducted a three dimensional finite element analysis of transient thermal history and residual deformation due to line heating. Adak and Mandal (2010) conducted an experimental study of mitigation of welding distortions supported by a numerical study based on the approach described by Adak and Mandal (2009).
