ABSTRACT

In this chapter the types of wildlife forensic case are covered. e text is divided into four main parts. e rst three parts follow the categories outlined in the previous chapter – that is, where an animal is

1. e cause or perpetrator of an incident 2. e victim of an incident 3. A ‘sentinel’, providing information that is relevant to an incident or a eld of enquiry

Challenges of Welfare 57 Abuse 58

Wild Animals as Sentinels 59 Examples of Issues Involving Wildlife 59

Conservation Biology and the Maintenance of Biodiversity 60 Species Protection 60 Environmental Forensics 63 Mounted (Taxidermy) Specimens and Collections of Dead Animals 64 Identication of Animals or eir Products 65 Conservation and Cultural Attitudes 66 Releases, Introductions/Re-Introductions and Translocations 66 Biological Control 69 Pest Species 70 Pests and Conservation Programmes 71 Interventions 72 Management of Wildlife Habitat 72 Climate Change 73 Use of Wildlife Resources 75 Wildlife Species for Sustainable Food Production 75 Game-Ranching 76 Breeding Programmes and Conservation Genetics 77 Animal Sanctuaries 78 Habituation of Wild Animals 78 Rehabilitation of Wildlife 78 Conscations 81 Disease 82 Signicance in Wildlife Forensics of ‘Global Health’ and ‘One Health’ 83 Eects of Leisure Activities 85 Tourism 85 Disposal of Waste, Including Litter 86

Conclusions 88

ese three categories are relatively clear-cut. Any one of them can lead to a criminal action, a civil action or both (see Chapter 13). ey may, alternatively or in addition, prompt an enquiry or other investigation in relation to the incident.