ABSTRACT
Research indicates that intimate partner violence (IPV) affects an estimated 3 to 4 million women yearly (Tjaden & Thoennes, 2000; Plichta & Falik, 2001). Additionally, studies demonstrate that individuals who have been victims of domestic violence are at greater risk of future violence (Langan & Innes, 1986), especially among those experiencing the most severe instances. In 2004, there were 1,544 deaths due to domestic violence (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2006). And an 11-city study of intimate partner femicide found that the majority (67% to 80%) involved physical abuse prior to the murder (Campbell et al., 2003; Glass et al., 2003). The societal and individual costs of this violence are enormous, reaching an estimated $67 billion per year (Miller, Cohen, & Wiersema, 1996), with mental health care costs being the largest proportion of the increased health care expenditures associated with intimate partner violence (Wisner, Gilmer, Saltzman, & Zink, 1999). Adding to the costs of intimate partner violence, research has found that approximately 3 to 10 million children live in domestically
Introduction 247 A Recent History of IPV and the Criminal Justice System 248 Probation and Intimate Partner Violence 252
Batterer Intervention Programs 252 Electronic Monitoring 256 Special Domestic Violence Probation Units 258
Intensive Supervision on Probation (ISP) 259 Coming Full Circle 260 Summary and Conclusion 263 References 265
violent households (Socolar, 2000). Shockingly, approximately 10% of teenagers nationwide report being physically hurt by their boyfriend or girlfriend in the last 12 months (CDC, 2008).
