ABSTRACT
Australia is a federation comprising six states and a Commonwealth, as well as two self-governing territories. Each state and territory has its own legal framework, which has evolved in a local context. ere are, however, many commonalities and fundamental principles that underpin, for instance, the eight youth justice systems. e philosophy underpinning Australia’s youth justice systems has shied from the welfare approach to the justice approach, and more recently to the restorative justice approach, which has been impacted by the emergence of right-wing pragmatism.
