ABSTRACT
The night I began writing this chapter, a story was released in the New York Times announcing that Isabelle Dinoire had died. Her death had taken place in April 2016, but it was not disclosed at the time. Perhaps her doctors did not want to disappoint the many people for whom she represented hope, as Mlle. Dinoire was the first person in history to receive a successful face transplant. Her initial injury had taken place in 2005, when she was mauled by her pet Labrador during an abortive suicide attempt. In 2006, she received a nose, lips, and chin from a deceased donor. A decade later, the immunosuppressant drugs she was on began to fail, triggering the cancers that led to her death.
