ABSTRACT
The United States has seen a dramatic increase in the use of organ substitution technology—the transplantation of human donor organs and utilization of artificial organs—within the past few years. State governments have recently been making serious attempts to gain more control over the dissemination of organ transplantation technology. Major advancements in the technology have been made since then, but it is only very that organ substitution technology in general has begun to be perceived as leaving the domain of the experimental. There are two analytical techniques with which we are concerned: cost-benefit analysis and cost-effectiveness analysis. Many policy analysts turn to the Paretian conception of efficiency in order to avoid the obstacles of interpersonal utility comparisons to which the principle of utility maximization is liable. There is another source of attempts to eliminate appeals to fairness or justice in policy assessment: ethical relativism.
