ABSTRACT
Rural development strives to strengthen those elements in all their aspects of life, political, economic, and sociocultural. The concept of development in villages is based on strengthening the initiative and self-help of communities, so they can utilize their resources better. Establishment of community institutions has been encouraged to increase the self-governing ability of the people, their awareness of common needs, and their involvements in community-initiated activities. The indicators of village development levels have not included items directly relating to energy. In addition to biomass and kerosene, electricity has gradually become another important component in the rural household energy budget. To take the place of dwindling firewood supplies, kerosene was distributed to more and more villages. A rural energy survey was undertaken by the Centre for Strategic and International Studies as part of a larger study project on energy and income distribution in Indonesia.
