ABSTRACT
164The practice of medical care is changing and changing rapidly (Coiera, 2018, 2019a; Topol, 2019). Health is not immune to the wide societal changes brought on by our increasingly digital existence ( The Economist, 2017). It has, however, been late to realize these transformative changes, unlike banking and other industries (Brynjolfsson & McAfee, 2011). This is because health has always been heavily reliant on human interaction, which has delayed many aspects of adoption. Artificial intelligence (AI), in its various guises, is increasingly having an impact on the clinical world (Coiera, 2019b; Topol, 2019). With an initial emphasis on pattern recognition (radiology, dermatology), the usefulness of AI is broadening to other areas. Facing this clinical medicine is having to adjust how it creates and conceptualizes care. Indeed, as we will argue later, the changes wrought by digital health care are as fundamental to changing care delivery as the advent of the scientific method was in the 18th century.
