Introduction

Feminisms purposively and relentlessly evolve. Grounded in ‘situated knowledges’, feminism has come a long way since its renewed modern-day iteration in the early twentieth century, and it further broadened its scope recently in the language and scholarship of the field, influenced by American, French, Italian, Asian, Australian and South American writers. Feminists of Jungian orientation have also sought to unpick gender bias evident in the theory, in order to overcome its namesake’s anomalous practices and theories. Feminist theory has contributed to discourse around LGBT and gender, artificial intelligence and technology globally, and has entered into the mainstream as more nuanced discussion has taken place across social media. The Jungian orientation itself has been informed by problematic originary stories and ‘archetypal’ notions of femininity and masculinity, which on closer examination quickly break down from supposed universal characteristics to those of a particular cultural time and place.