ABSTRACT
Plant-parasitic nematodes are serious problem for economically important crops. The plant-parasitic nematodes have been recognized an important constraints in the production of agricultural crops including wheat and rice which constitute the two most important staple food crops of the world. Root-knot nematodes occur in all over the world but are found more frequently and in greater numbers in areas with warm or hot climates and short or mild winters. Nematodes belonging to the genus Heterodera and called cyst nematode. Hoplolaimus species is a very common nematode which can be found on plant roots in all types of soil and climate. Stem and bulb nematodes occur worldwide but are particularly prevalent and destructive in areas with temperate climate. Application of natural enemies of plant-parasitic nematodes for controlling nematode population is an essential component of eco-friendly management. Numerous attempts have been used to prevent the introduction of nematodes into countries or provinces by means of quarantine.
