ABSTRACT

At present quo, the impact of green revolution will be more visible become discernible in agriculture with incorporation of modern tools of Remote Sensing and GIS for characterization of natural resource and land use planning (LUP). The physiographic, climate, rainfall and potential water (surplus/deficit) for agricultural demarcated into eight agro-ecological regions with imposed some limitations. Data collected from 160 meteorological stations across the country and imply the concept of moisture adequacy index (MAI), and dominant soil group’s proposed 29 agroecological zones adopted by FAO/UNESCO. Micro-morphology and landform of alluvial settings as happened in Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP) for Bihar. Hitherto, diverse types of geomorphic features viz., Tal, Chour, and Kewal (Heavy-clay vertisols, medium-clay chromosols) and regular encounters of flood threat as well, and drain off the fertile soil. Southern portion of Ganga, there are vast stretches of backwater (one lakh ha) known as Tal area located in the districts of Patna, Nalanda, Lakhisarai, Munger, and Bhagalpur having limited option for rabi season. Whereas, vast stretches of land occupying (1.8 lakh ha) Diara land. Soils of eastern parts contain large volumes of fresh to weakly altered plagioclase and smectitic types of mineralogical composition. The major soils Entisols, Inceptisols, Alfisols, Mollisols, Aridisols, and Vertisols located in IGP and geological information’s are sketched under the digital geological environment. The 336technology for the management of salt-affected soils developed mainly due to dominance of magnesium, needs refinement especially observed in Aridisols.

Agro-climatic Zone-I, II, and III comprise Alluvial Plains North of River Ganges and Chhotanagpur Plateau Regions formed natural levee. Zone-I has rich alluvial soils and a good scope of groundwater exploitation with vagarious fruit crops offers in this region viz., mango, litchi, and banana. In light of field crops (rice, wheat, and maize), oilseed (rapeseed and mustard), spices-turmeric, ginger, dhania, Chilies, garlic, methi, sonfand mangaraila, tubers (sweet potato), tobacco, sugarcane, etc. taken as major high-value crops predominate in these areas. Whereas, Zone-II (North-East Alluvial Plain) comprises highly flood-prone areas affected mostly by Kosi and Mahananda rivers. The soils having low in nitrogen, low to medium in available phosphorus and potash. Whereas, zinc and boron observed low status and toxicity of manganese has been reported in these some patches. Heavy leaching results in soil acidification resulting in micro-nutrient deficiency and nonsetting of seeds in cereals and pulses was prevalent in these regions. Rice, jute, maize, summer pulses (moong), summer millets and sugarcane are important crops. There is a tremendous scope for exploiting water-logged area by growing winter (Boro) rice. Maize is very high performing crop of this zone like Zone-I. In N-E portion of the zone, pineapple is an important crop and in the southern portion banana is predominant crops. This zone alike Zone-I, there is good scope for promotion of fisheries and honey production.