ABSTRACT
Agriculture is one of the sectors most affected by ongoing climate change. In fact, climate change can affect different agricultural dimensions, causing losses in productivity, profitability, and employment. Food security is clearly threatened by climate change (Siwar et al., 2013) due to the instability of crop production, as well as induced changes in markets, food prices, and supply chain infrastructure. The ongoing effects of climate change require the individuation of mitigation policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and identify appropriated adaptation strategies that aim to contain agricultural losses both in market goods and environmental services (such as protection of biodiversity, water management, landscape preservation, and so on). Crop models are considered “agriculture-oriented” because the analysis of these models focuses on the biological and ecological consequences of climate change on crops and soil. In these models, farmers’ behavior is not captured and the management practice is considered fixed. Moreover, they are crop and site-specific and were calibrated only for the major grains and a limited number of places (Shawcroft et al., 1975; Mendelsohn and Dinar, 2009).
