ABSTRACT
Heat transfer plays an imperative responsibility in several practical applications. For instance, in vehicles, the heat produced by the prime transporter is desired to be isolated for proper functioning. Correspondingly, electronic devices disperse heat, which needs a cooling mechanism. Air conditioning, ventilating, and heating systems also comprise diverse heat transport mechanisms. Heat transport is the primary procedure in thermal power stations. On the other hand, numerous manufacture processes consist of heat transport in assorted forms, for example, pasteurization of food, the modulation of temperature for promoting a chemical process, cooling of a machine tool. In these applications, heat transport devices such as evaporators, heat sinks, heat exchangers, and condensers are used to measure the heat transfer. Enhancing the performance of these devices reduces the size of the devices. This led to reducing the corresponding power consumption to circulate working fluid by pumps. Hence, increasing the convective heat transfer of the working fluid is necessary to improve the thermal performance of the devices. The convective heat transport can be improved submissively by enriching the thermal diffusivity, by varying boundary conditions and flow geometry. However, altering boundary conditions and flow geometry have many disadvantages. Hence, enhancing the heat transfer coefficient is challenging, and there are diverse techniques to achieve it. One of the ideas is “suspending solid micro-sized particles in fluids,” which was proposed by Maxwell. Such suspensions have some disadvantages such as particle settling, possible erosion, and high resistance to the flow because of large-sized particles.
