ABSTRACT
This chapter focuses on a specific aspect of EU cybersecurity policy: the case of EU cyber defence. Indeed, the EU has started to invest normative and institutional efforts in cyber defence over the last decade, which offers an interesting case as cyber threats rely on dual-use technologies. In this regard, the chapter assesses whether there is a European specificity in the framing of European cyber defence to build a response to new threats emerging from the cyberspace and to the global challenges raised by dual-use Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in military missions. This chapter assesses the normative and institutional architecture of EU cyber defence so as to understand the governance of cyber defence at the European level but also the challenges it faces. Theoretically, the chapter borrows from the concept of strategic culture to analyse why EU member states do not all share the same ideas about cyber defence. After analysing EU cyber defence normative, the chapter examines on the governance of EU cyber defence by analysing its actors and tools. The last part uncovers the challenges of EU cyber defence by relying on the concept of strategic culture to explore the limits of the governance of EU cyber defence.
