ABSTRACT
In our daily life, all over we are exposed to electromagnetic radiation of different frequencies having varying power. The EM waves generated by cell phones interacts with biological systems like plants, animals, humans and other microorganisms. Although electromagnetic radiation exposure is clinically reported non-ionizing radiations, the potential for longer-term health hazards cannot be ruled out. The most common observed biological complaints reported are sleep disruption, headache, lack of concentration, forgetful memory, depression, fatigue, dizziness, palpitation of heart, visual disorders, and cardiovascular problem and altered reflexes. The extend of the injury depends on the intensity of power of cell phones, duration of exposure, distance from the source etc. The behavioral difficulties in addition to bio-electromagnetic sufferings have been observed at larger scale in children. So many new technologies have emerged in the modern antenna design area and an exciting breakthrough was the discovery/development of EBG structures The mobile phone antennas incorporated with Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) structures are seen to intercept electromagnetic (EM) waves from the phone and reduce the specific absorption rate (SAR). Electromagnetic band gap materials are one among the most rapidly advancing materials in the electromagnetics arena. Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) structures have produced a wide variety of design alternatives for researchers working in the area of microwave and photonics.
