ABSTRACT
This chapter deals with the analysis and design of earth-retaining structures. It focuses on gravity walls used in general for backfill support, and cantilever and single-propped embedded walls, both employed for excavation support. All these structures can be designed using analytical methods with theoretical bases. The chapter also deals with the behavior and design of ground anchors, often used to complement flexible walls, but also in the stabilization of natural slopes. It describes the case of surcharges applied on a limited surface area. From the various forms of safety introduction, the following were considered: When dealing with the application of Design Approach 1 of Eurocode 7, the critical combination. Within the normative documents on anchors, special reference is given to the standards EN 1537:2013 on execution, EN ISO 22477-5:2018 on testing and also EN 1997-1:2004/A1 (2013), i.e., Eurocode 7, on design.
