ABSTRACT
This study presents different situations of sustainability knowledge co-creation in Spanish biosphere reserves (BRs). The analysis focuses on innovation processes addressed to improve sustainable development practices on a local scale by involving local actors. The study analyzes the roles performed by several actors (individuals or institutions) in establishing consensus on sustainable actions by means of cooperation. The main conclusions of the study are: (a) models of governance for sustainability must take into account the participation of stakeholders at each level of action and facilitate the interactions between levels; (b) scientists have roles to play in leading the process of knowledge acquisition and structuring; (c) BR managers are fundamental drivers for transition toward sustainability on a local scale when they have sufficient institutional support, adequate skills, and positive attitudes.
