ABSTRACT
The landscape of prostate cancer screening, diagnosis, and treatment is changing rapidly. Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is becoming the modality of choice for prostate cancer imaging due to its superior ability to diagnose and risk-stratify disease. Multiparametric MRI imaging combines anatomic imaging with functional and molecular imaging to produce a Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System score to quantify the overall probability of clinically significant prostate cancer. Despite the advantages that multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) offers to patients undergoing prostate cancer active surveillance (AS), there is still no consensus regarding the use of mpMRI in this cohort. In addition to the widely used prostate-specific antigen serum test for prostate cancer detection and active surveillance, several other serum-based tests are also under clinical investigation for use in the AS population.
