ABSTRACT
Biosorption process parameters such as pH, temperature and initial concentration gave a significant influence on the metal uptake by bacteria. For the biosorption system, the heterogeneity of biosorbent is mostly from the surface functional groups and some small part from the structure of the biomass. The thermodynamic properties of the biosorption system are one of the fundamental requirement for determining the feasibility of the process and the design of good biosorption system. Different adsorption isotherm expressions are exploited to verify the data fitting; Langmuir equation is still superior for most biosorption systems than other available models. The heavy metals uptake by pristine lignocellulosic biomass occurs primarily through the interaction between some surface functional groups with the metal ions. Thermal treatment is also a popular method to increase the capability of the lignocellulosic biomass to remove heavy metal from solution.
