ABSTRACT
Bioremediation, which can provide decomposition or immobilization by exploiting the present metabolic potentials of microorganisms with novel catabolic functions derived from selection, is a green sustainable process using the metabolic potential of microorganisms for decontamination of environment. Bioremediation should be considered as a general concept that covers all processes carried out to transform a contaminated environment in its current state using biological pathways into its original state. Although many physical and physicochemical techniques are used to remove residues in effluents, bio-remediation is becoming much more important as an effective treatment technology because of the biodegradability of the majority of the particles in the wastewater and also the abundance of microorganisms able to degrade waste. Contaminant compounds are transformed by living organisms through reactions in metabolic processes, and biodegradation of a compound can occur only as a consequence of the actions of multiple organisms.
