ABSTRACT
This chapter traces the main features of the crisis of populist policies and the creation of new alignments that would later preside over the "excluding" phase of the Argentine and Brazilian political systems. It focuses on the factors that in Argentina and Brazil led to the military coups that attempted the implantation of bureaucratic-authoritarian political systems. For such a focus it has seemed sufficient to use a set of concepts and variables at a fairly high level of generality which reflected important similarities in the Argentine and Brazilian centers. Argentina and Brazil are the most highly modernized South American countries. Combined with the factors deriving from their position in the international context, this modernization has created the problematic space with which their pre-coup and bureaucratic-authoritarian political systems have had to deal. There are important differences between the Peruvian populist authoritarianism and the bureaucratic authoritarianisms inaugurated in Brazil in 1964 and in Argentina in 1966.
