ABSTRACT
This chapter provides an renal and related chronic diseases in the Aboriginal population. It discusses the end stage renal disease and kidney morphology. The burden of renal failure in the Australian population is still underestimated. Aboriginal people with chronic kidney diseases usually have moderate to heavy proteinuria, sometimes with hematuria and hypertension. They often have a non-revealing work-up except for a frequent family history of renal disease and the variable presence of diabetes. Albumin Creatinine Ratio increased and glomerular filtration rate fell in individuals with time, at rates that were strongly correlated with the severity of baseline disease. Albuminuria provides a link between renal disease and other related chronic conditions and marks the risk for premature mortality in this population. Since the mid-1980s, an epidemic of chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and chronic kidney disease has appeared.
