ABSTRACT
Biomarkers are indicators of variation in cellular or biochemical components
or processes, structure, or function that are measurable in biological systems or samples (1). The markers can have a physiologic effect in the intact organ-
isms, such as changes in gaseous exchange. The markers can also be indica-
tors of alteration in the structure or function of specific organs. The markers
of inflammation and immune response are a separate category. Finally, there
are markers of the cellular and biochemical response.