ABSTRACT
CHAPTER 1 REPRODUCTION AND CONTROL OF OVULATION, SPERMIATION
AND SPAWNING IN CULTURED FISH
E. Mañanós, N. Duncan and C. Mylonas
1. INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................... 4 2. THE REPRODUCTIVE CYCLE OF FISH.................................................................... 5
2.1 Ovarian development in females: oogenesis, maturation and ovulation... 6 2.2 Testicular development in males: spermatogenesis, maturation and
spermiation......................................................................................................... 9 2.3 Types of gonadal development.......................................................................... 12
3. ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION OF FISH REPRODUCTION..............................13 4. HORMONAL REGULATION OF FISH REPRODUCTION.................................... .... 17
4.1 Brain Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)............................................. 18 4.2 Pituitary Gonadotropins (GTH)......................................................................... 23 4.3 Gonad steroids.................................................................................................... 25
4.3.1 Steroids regulating female oogenesis and maturation..................... 25 4.3.2 Steroids regulating male spermatogenesis and maturation............ 26
5. REPRODUCTIVE DYSFUNCTIONS IN CAPTIVE FISH........................................... 27 6.TECHNIQUES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANIPULATION
OF FISH REPRODUCTION............................................................................................... .30 7. TECHNIQUES FOR HORMONAL STIMULATION ................................................ 32
7.1 First generation: Gonadotropin preparations................................................... 33 7.2 Second generation: GnRH agonists (GnRHa).................................................. 35
8. GENERAL PROTOCOL FOR SPAWNING INDUCTION AND STRIPPING............. 37 9. ESTABLISHED PROTOCOLS FOR CULTURED FISH.............................................. 42
9.1 Cypriniformes - Carps (Cyprinidae).................................................................. 44 9.2 Perciformes........................................................................................................... 45
9.2.1 Tilapias (Cichlidae)................................................................................ 45 9.2.2 Basses (Percichthyidae, Moronidae, Centropomidae)..................... 46 9.2.3 Snakeheads (Channidae)...................................................................... 47 9.2.4 Breams (Sparidae).................................................................................. 48 9.2.5 Amberjacks (Carangidae)..................................................................... 49 9.2.6 Drums, croakers (Sciaenidae).............................................................. 49 9.2.7 Groupers (Serranidae)..........................................................................50 9.2.8 Cobia (Rachycentridae)........................................................................51 9.2.9 Tunas (Scombridae).................................................................................51 9.2.10 Snappers (Lutjanidae).........................................................................52
