ABSTRACT
CONTENTS Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247 Involvement of Gastrointestinal Peptides in the Regulation of Food
Intake by Fermentable Dietary Fibers: From Theory to Experimental Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248 What Did We Know at the Beginning? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249 FOS and Their Putative Metabolic Effects to Control Food Intake,
Obesity, and Associated Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250 Dietary FOS Modulate Gastrointestinal Peptides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250
Modulation of GLP-1 Synthesis in the Colon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251 Changes of PYY and Ghrelin Plasma Levels and Decrease in
Food Intake by OFS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254 Other Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259
Current recommendations for the management of obesity and diabetes include an increase in dietary fibers that may contribute to lower fasting and postprandial plasma glucose concentrations, and improve glycemic control.1,2 Dietary fibers, which might help control food intake, would be interesting in the context of the nutritional management of obesity. However, there is no clear answer to the question of the relevance of one
type of dietary fiber versus another in the management of food intake or metabolism (soluble versus insoluble, with or without gelling properties, sourced from cereals, fruit, or vegetables). Knowledge of the biochemical mechanisms allowing dietary fiber to modulate satiety, and/or glucose or lipid metabolism, is essential to propose key nutritional advice for specific disorders associated with the metabolic syndrome.
