ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION It is important to emphasize that the term phaeohyphomycosis, which means condition of fungi with dark hyphae is not based on a single genus or species and actually, represents many genera and species. Another term that has been used to describe these fungi are dematiaceous fungi but this does not reflect their dark color primarily produced by melanins. However, a unifying theme for these fungi is their ability to produce melanin in their cell walls and form yeasts and/or hyphal-like structures in tissue. It is not surprising that this diversity of fungi is also reflected in their multiple clinical presentations and thus a single management style is not possible, but in this chapter, there will be an attempt to incorporate principles that will be helpful once these fungi are properly identified as causing disease.
