ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION Resistance to commonly used antifungals (e.g., azoles, polyenes, echinocandins, allylamines) is a significant problem in nosocomial infections (including invasive and superficial mycoses), as well as those associatedwith indwelling devices like central venous catheters, urinary catheters, and contact lenses (fungal keratitis). Fungal resistance has been reported even for newer antifungals, such as the echinocandins, underscoring the importance of gaining insight into the mechanisms of antifungal resistance. This chapter briefly describes the methods used to evaluate antifungal susceptibility of fungi, reviews the significance of antifungal resistance, and summarizes recent advances in identification of the underlying mechanisms.
