ABSTRACT
The geometries of karstic aquifers are considerably more complex than their granular counterparts. The concept of a state matrix was developed so that fracture zones and cavern systems can be entered into the karstic aquifer simulation program. Karstic aquifers may contain ebbing and flowing springs as a result of the existence of inverted syphons. Space limitation prevents presentation of a fully supported karstic aquifer simulation program. Generalizations about aquifer properties often used in programs that model non-indurated aquifers cannot be applied to karstic aquifers. Arstic aquifers in dense limestones have low storage coefficients, even taking secondary porous features into account. In modeling karstic aquifers, the scale of the model becomes all important in determining which factors play a dominant role in affecting the model. Karstic aquifers are subject to rapid flooding and draining. As cave passages become flooded, higher, normally dry fractures and passages may begin to conduct water, rerouting storm drainage and altering the entire hydrologic system.
