ABSTRACT
Critics argued that Uses and gratifications confused its central concepts and was without a theoretical base. To apply their expectancy-value approach, P. Palmgreen, L. A. Wenner, and J. D. Rayburn developed two 15-item scales to measure the gratifications sought and Gratifications obtained (GO) from TV news. The items measured five gratifications sought and GO dimensions: General Information Seeking, Decisional Utility, Entertainment, Interpersonal Utility, and Parasocial Interaction. Researchers have used the scale items to measure GO from most-watched TV news programs and have adapted them to measure beliefs, evaluations, and importance of TV news features. Studies that use summed GS and GO scores report that the scales and their dimensions are internally consistent. The scale items were derived from news theory and research. It might be useful to assess content validity now that TV news options have increased via cable.
