ABSTRACT
A good understanding has also been developed the genesis of potentially harmful immunological responses to infection, such as those produced by immune complexes, autoimmunity, or allergy, or by the impairment of a key subset of lymphocytes, as seen in AIDS virus infections. The acute phase response during generalized infectious diseases includes many metabolic and physiological reactions. Activated monocytes, macrophages, and other body cells produce and release interleukin 1, which serves in a hormonelike role to trigger acute phase responses throughout the body. Although infectious diseases generally stimulate an immune response, an adverse secondary effect on the immune system and other host defense mechanisms may be created by the large nutritional costs of infection. A number of different hematological growth factors, termed colony-stimulating-factors, act in concert with interleukin 2 and interleukin 3 to enhance a full spectrum of red and white blood cells.
