ABSTRACT
In this major group of manufacturing processes-often called metal-forming processes-the desired geometry is produced by the mechanical basic process, plastic deformation. The mass-conserving processes can-according to their location in the series of processes necessary to produce a component-be classified as primary processes and secondary processes. This chapter discusses some of the general characteristics of mass-conserving processes for solid materials. It must be emphasized that an imaginative utilization of the surface creation principles and pattern of motions is very important in evaluating the geometrical possibilities. The principles of surface creation are: Total forming, One-dimensional forming, Two-dimensional forming, and Free forming. Most manufacturing processes take place under complex states of stress, and it is, in general, difficult to characterize a process by a single state of stress, since the state of stress varies throughout the deformation zone. The processes can be approximately classified into four groups, according to the dominant state of stress: tension, compression, shearing, and bending.
