ABSTRACT
Liquid jets are often used to remove small particles from surfaces. This chapter reviews the studies of the fluid dynamics of the interaction of a liquid jet with a surface, and with particles on that surface. A primary characteristic of a jet impinging on a surface is the radius of the hydraulic jump, since effective cleaning occurs only within this region. The chapter also reviews previous theoretical studies of the hydraulic jump, and presents a new body of experimental data. It describes the attempts to correlate the data in terms of traditional dimensionless groups. The radial distribution of shear stress within the region of the hydraulic jump is also described. This information is central to the prediction of the efficiency with which a jet can dislodge particles. The chapter reviews prior studies, leading to adoption of a model of particle removal in terms of design and operating characteristics of the jet.
