ABSTRACT
This chapter explores the breastfeeding process with emphasis on useful clinical information. The breast tissue which matures with puberty is stimulated to hypertrophy under the influence of high levels of prolactin, estrogen, progesterone, and placental hormones during pregnancy. The primary stimulation for prolactin release is suckling. The nerve fibers in the aureola and nipple carry stimulation via the hypothalamus which then suppresses a prolactin-inhibiting factor. The complex hormonal interactions during lactation usually cause prolonged amennorhea and infertility. The most important single task of the mother and baby in establishing breastfeeding is getting the baby to grasp the nipple properly. A lot of opinions have been stated regarding the timing of early feedings. In the United States, the nursery feeding schedules have been geared to formula feeding. It is important to note that the single most important factor in getting a mother to start and continue breastfeeding is family and professional support.
