ABSTRACT
Pakistan came into existence in 1947. 1 As an heir to the Indo-Muslim civilization that had flourished in the subcontinent since the thirteenth century it inherited, along with other things, the intellectual tradition which manifested itself in the establishment of religious and educational institutions and in the form of various movements, political, cultural, reformist and philosopho-theological. After the introduction of the modern system of education in the Indian subcontinent by the British, the intellectual activity of the Muslims was split into two distinct fields. It perpetuated itself, on the one hand, in the transmission and practice of intellectual sciences taught in the traditional madrasah and other centres of esoteric and exoteric learning and, on the other hand, in the newly introduced disciplines of philosophy in the colleges and universities, which included a study of Islamic philosophy in their curriculum, though often in a fragmentary and superficial manner. 2
