ABSTRACT
The old political system originated in the Middle Ages. Two elements, quite different in nature, contributed to its formation: since its origin it has always been a compound of the theocratic and feudal systems. The combination of physical force and the guile and cunning invented by the priests invested the leaders of the clergy and the nobility with sovereign powers, and brought the rest of the population under their subjection. Through the effect of the progress of industry, the peoples acquired the means of achieving prosperity together, by enriching themselves through peaceful labour. The fundamental bases of a new system are thus a state of civilisation which provides men with the means of employing their powers in a way which is useful to others and profitable for themselves. Supervisors are given only one task: to maintain order. It is the teachers who are responsible for directing the pupils’ work.
