ABSTRACT
In the 1940s and 1950s, philosopher/scientist Norbert Wiener was a seminal figure for today's informational understanding of the Universe and role of humans within it. A pioneer in development of today's theory was the philosopher/scientist Norbert Wiener, whose achievements in cybernetics, communication theory, computer design, and related fields, in the 1940s and 1950s, helped to bring about the current 'information age'. Wiener made the following important assumptions: Wiener combined these assumptions with his extensive knowledge in philosophy, physics, biology, communication theory, information science and psychology. During the past two decades, for example, physicists beginning with Princeton's John Wheeler have been developing 'theory of everything' which presupposes that the Universe is fundamentally informational, that every physical 'object' or entity is, in reality, a pattern or 'flow' of Shannon information encoded in matter-energy. Computers are logically malleable in that they can be shaped and molded to do any activity that can be characterized in terms of inputs, outputs and connecting logical operations.
