ABSTRACT
The Quilombolas catchment is located inside one of the poorest regions of Brazil, the semi-arid portion of Jequitinhonha basin. Although no significant reduction of the rainfall has occurred, its streams are becoming progressively dryer. In order to understand the reasons for this discharge reduction, a geologic, geomorphologic and hydrologic study was carried out, which allowed the characterization of homogeneous domains. Data analysis indicated that bad land use practices, especially in domain 1, promoted soil compaction, erosion by ravines and deforestation, which have progressively decreased infiltration, aquifer recharge and, consequently, reduced base flow of streams. To improve infiltration, four major actions are being conducted: (1) construction of small dams inside ravines to improve water recharge; (2) excavation of infiltration ponds in flatter terrains, associated with water diversion forced by dams; (3) creation of an environmental protected area in Quilombolas headwaters to preserve the primary vegetation; and (4) promotion of an environmental education campaign.
