ABSTRACT
Tell Munbaqa is a site on the left bank of the Euphrates in the Lake Assad area, and lies about 100 km north of Meskene/Emar and just south of Tell Hadidi/Azu. The site seems to have first been occupied during the EB IV period. The presence of a citadel-like structure, temples and a defense wall, indicates the importance of the town in the third millennium B.C. The occupation, however, was limited (in extension) to the stretch of land between the citadel and the Euphrates. During the transition from the MB to the LB period the expansion of the settlement at Munbaqa resulted in three areas: the Innenstadt and Ibrahim’s Garten, both strengthened with a defense wall, and slightly later in time the Aussenstadt. Excavations at Munbaqa were carried out under the direction of Heinrich, Orthmann and Machule ((Heinrich 1969; 1970; 1971; 1974; Orthmann 1974; 1976; Machule 1978; 1986; 1987). Further reports have been published by Frank (1982) and Eichler (1984).
