ABSTRACT
Chapter 5 evaluates microgrid architecture. It begins by describing microgrid operational configurations. How are grid-interconnected microgrids different from those that are not interconnected? This chapter details the key components of off-grid and grid-connected microgrids including centralized, decentralized, and distributed systems. There are several basic components of microgrid architecture. Most importantly, microgrids must contain the equipment necessary to generate electricity, electricity-consuming devices or uses for the power generated, other assets, plus a microgrid power management system. Their topologies often include some form of energy storage system which does not necessarily need to be internal to the microgrid. They may be configured to allow the host electric grid, if interconnected, to serve as a storage system. Microgrids connect to central grids at the point of common coupling. Microgrid configurations include models for AC and DC power generation and local distribution. Advanced microgrids are a subcategory of microgrids with defined characteristics, some similar to conventional microgrids but with enhanced capabilities. This chapter also identifies and describes important microgrid regulations and standards.
