ABSTRACT
This chapter examines different approaches used by archaeologists in interpreting prehistoric behaviour through analogies drawn from modern hunter-gatherers. It discusses the context of Indian archaeology as a whole, and attempts to examine how results of these studies have influenced interpretations of Indian prehistory. The 'hunter-gatherer' as portrayed in myths and legends, epics, folk songs, historical records and ancient literature dating back to the third century AD, has infused a time depth rarely met with elsewhere. It is this seeming continuity, which has deeply influenced the structure of Indian ethnoarchaeological studies. The 'encapsulation' and acculturation of modern foragers, in terms of their interaction with farmers, pastoralists and urban societies has long been recognized in Indian archaeology. Ethnoarchaeological studies in Indian prehistory include a wide range of approaches in the use of analogies drawn from modern hunter-gatherers. A growing realization of the importance of adopting ecological approaches is also closely associated with ethnoarchaeological research in India.
