ABSTRACT
Since the beginning of civilization, intellectual capital has moved in response to demand. During the Renaissance, Italian seafarers were hired in Spain, while Italian architects and painters were much in demand in France and Northern Europe. In seventeenth-century England, Dutch expertise in instrument making and weights and measures was actively sought after as a way to help England establish a lead in this area. In the twenty-first century, demand for IT specialists was driving industrial demand for foreigners with such skills, especially in the United States and in European OECD countries (Guellec and Cervantes 2002, p. 79).
